含盐工业废水生化处理耐盐污泥驯化及其机制

通过比较在高盐和低盐条件下活性污泥驯化过程,研究了含盐工业废水生化处理耐盐污泥驯化的可行性、特点及其生物学过程.结果表明以盐份作为选择压力可以驯化出具有高降解活性的耐盐污泥,在NaCl浓度为45 000mg/L,容积负荷为1.6kgCODCr/(m³d)时,其COD_Cr去除率可达到96.6%.对耐盐污泥的驯化过程中的微生物优势生理群变化分析显示,随着进水盐浓度的增加,耐盐苯乙酸降解微生物生理群数量在15d时间内从10⁹cfu/(gVSS)上升到10¹¹cfu/(g.VSS),成为污泥中的优势生理群.     

两相厌氧工艺处理高浓度丙烯酸生产废水

利用两相厌氧工艺处理高浓度丙烯酸生产废水。实验结果表明：在较高进水COD和容积负荷的条件下，系统具有良好、稳定的处理效果;在负荷提高及稳定运行阶段，将生活污水与丙烯酸生产废水的体积比调整为5∶1，容积负荷最大提高至12.3 kg/（m3·d），两相厌氧反应器可长期稳定运行，总COD去除率基本维持在90%以上，出水COD小于323 mg/L;当进水甲醛质量浓度为800~1 733 mg/L时，总甲醛去除率基本稳定在95.6%~99.3%;在负荷提高及稳定运行阶段，水解酸化相反应器和产甲烷相反应器的出水pH分别为6.2~7.6和7.6~8.1，出水总碱度分别为1 220~1 820 mg/L和1 800~2 620 mg/L。     

武汉市二郎庙污水处理厂污泥培养驯化方案选择及实施

武汉市二郎庙污水处理厂设计规模24×10^4m^3/d,采用改良A/A/O处理工艺。主要介绍了污泥培养驯化方案的制定,过程和经验,可为类似城市污水处理厂的调试和试运行提供借鉴。     

Effect of salt and urban water samples on bacterivory by the ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila

The effect of road salt on the eating of bacteria or bacterivory by the ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila, was followed in non-nutrient Osterhout's solution with Escherichia coli expressing green fluorescent protein. Bacterivory was impaired at between 0.025 and 0.050% w/v but the ciliates appeared to have normal morphologies and motilities, whereas at above 0.1%, bacterivory was blocked and many ciliates died. By contrast, E. coli remained viable, suggesting salt could alter predator-prey relationships in microbial communities. In nutrient medium, salt was not toxic and the ciliates grew. After growth in salt, ciliates consumed bacteria in 0.2% salt, indicating the salt acclimation of bacterivory. Bacteria and ciliates were added to urban creek samples to compare their capacity to support exogenous bacterivory. Even though samples were collected weekly for a year and be expected to have fluctuating salt levels as a result of deicing, all creek samples supported a similar level of bacterivory.     

活性污泥驯化技术与高浓度CTMP废水生物处理的研究

为探讨活性污泥处理高浓度ＣＴＭＰ制浆造纸废水,研究了活性污泥驯化工艺的良性对生物系统污泥沉降性能及处理效果产生的影响。３个月多的运行试验结果表明,改良后的污泥驯化工艺即间歇式与连续式进料相结合的污泥驯化工艺能够明显改善污泥沉降性能,污泥的ＳＶ３０为２９９０－３２０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＳＶＩ为４８－５５ｍｌ／ｇ,并显著增加处理效果,ＣＯＤ去除率７７％－８５％,ＢＯＤ５去除率９０％－９５％,ＴＳＳ去除率７５％－     

Human Adaptation to Work in Two Different Climates

The processes of acclimation to hot-dry and to warm-humid climates were studied using two approaches: a quantitative analysis of literature data and an experimental study in the laboratory concerning the physiological parameters of heart rate, rectal temperature, sweat loss, and subjective assessment.

Analysis o f literature data: Data from 62 experiments with a total of 813 participants were pooled and recalculated. The experiments ranged from 6 to 24 days, air temperatures from 30.4 to 50.0°C, water vapor pressures from 1.5 to 6.5 kPa, and wet bulb globe temperatures (WBGT) from 27.4 to 38.6°C.

Laboratory studies: In the laboratory, 8 participants were acclimated during 15 consecutive days to a hot-dry climate and to a warm-humid climate, which were equivalent in terms of the WBGT (33.5 and 33.6°C, respectively). The participants walked four times for 25 min on a treadmill at a speed of 4 km/h. The hot-dry climate caused somewhat greater strain than the warm-humid condition. In the course of acclimation to the hot-dry climate, heart rate and rectal temperature started at higher levels, decreased slightly steeper but remained on a higher level throughout. Nevertheless, the differences between both thermal conditions were small, and both physiologic functions reached the point of acclimation almost at the same time under warm-humid and under hot-dry exposure. Sweat loss, which is not regarded as a valid predictor for acclimation, was considerably higher but increased less in the hot-dry than in the warm-humid climate.     

氯苯驯化活性污泥对同类有机物的好氧降解性比较研究

利用测定微生物呼吸耗氧量的方法,对氯苯类中的５种优先污染物：氯苯,邻,间,对－二氯苯１,２,４－三氯苯,用接种活性污泥和经氯苯驯化的污泥地它们的生物降解性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,用未经驯化的污泥,５种氯苯皆存在的抑制作用,抑制作用的大小和抑制时间的长短氯代程度和浓度的影响,用氯苯将此污泥驯化后,该污染不仅表现出对苯具有降解能力,而且也表现出邻二氯苯,间二氯苯等同类有机物的共代谢降解能力,经分析     

不同底物驯化氧化亚铁硫杆菌的差异及对煤炭生物脱硫效率的影响

分别以FeS2和FeSO4为底物培养驯化嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)LX5,结果发现以FeS2为底物驯化A.ferrooxidans LX5,在培养20 d时,培养液中LX5的菌体数量达3.0×107个/mL,对FeS2中亚铁及还原性硫的氧化能力均较强.A.fer...     

高效耐海水型厌氧氨氧化污泥的驯化

针对部分含海水废水生物脱氮效能较低的问题,研究了梯度盐度海水对淡水厌氧氨氧化污泥的驯化过程.考察了不同海水盐度对厌氧氨氧化反应动力学、厌氧氨氧化菌细胞形态和反应器中菌群变化的影响.结果表明,梯度盐度废水可以成功驯化淡水厌氧氨氧化污泥,通过145d的驯化,其总氮去除速率为2.80kgN/(m3·d).在海水盐度由0提高至10‰、20‰和30‰的过程中厌氧氨氧化反应速率经历了升高、降低、再升高的过程,其中,海水盐度20‰在淡水厌氧氨氧化污泥的驯化过程中是一个临界点.驯化后,厌氧氨氧化菌细胞结构更加不规则,并在细胞壁上出现了类菌毛状结构,经16S rDNA PCR扩增测序鉴定该优势厌氧氨氧化菌为“Candidatus Kuenenia Stuttgartiensis”.驯化前后反应器中细菌菌群也发生改变.     

不同驯化方式对微生物降解乐果的影响

为了获得有效降解有机磷农药乐果的微生物,采用北京大兴黄村施用过乐果的土壤为菌源,以乐果作为唯一碳源和能源采用一次性大剂量冲击驯化和逐渐加量的驯化方式分离得到7株对乐果有一定降解能力的微生物。微生物降解乐果实验结果显示:不同的驯化方式对微生物的降解能力有明显的影响,大剂量冲击驯化获得的微生物对乐果的降解能力优于逐渐加量驯化获得的微生物。